Film and video production Essay - 1618 Words

Film and Video Production: Becoming the Future of the Silver Screen Every so often a movie is released with such tense anticipation and glamorous visual art that the public is drawn to this dramatic rendition of life in the theatre. For even just two hours or so, you are put into a different lifestyle. Action, drama or comedy it may be. We are thrust into a different way of thinking. We are forced to learn the characters thoughts and feelings. The hard work and artistic skill that goes into these magnificent films is not an easy thing to mimic. Out of the thousands of movies released worldwide each year only a handful are truly worthy of the label film art. Most of the great movies are either produced by a multi million dollar†¦show more content†¦Even if one plans on becoming a director and not a screenwriter one needs to know what kind of scripts to look for. This is very important for a beginning small movie director since the reader will most likely be writing their own scripts to get some recognition. A script is a document that outline s every aural, visual, behavioral, and lingual element required to tell a story, according to the dictionary definition at www.Wikidpedia.org. It is crucial to remember that film is a visual medium. One doesn’t tell the audience the story, one shows them. So what one will be writing is not a novel but more like explaining a dream on paper. One must learn to write a screenplay visually. As famed director Darren Aronofsky said in an interview with a struggling screenwriter trying to get published, â€Å"Most of what one writes that doesn’t work on screen will just be improvised on the movie set†. There are many important requirements for screenplays that may seem like minutia at first glance but the format of ones script is extremely important since it will be submitted along with hundreds of others to one producer. For example, the main font in use in the U.S. by both publishers and the Hollywood film industry is Courier 12 pitch According to AFI (American Film Industry) the basics of screenwriting. Though this seems unimportant, when a publisher is looking at a manuscript he is going to look for thingsShow MoreRelatedThe Negative Impact Of Digital Technology On The Film Industry1594 Words   |  7 Pagesmajor impact on the film industry. The transformation of the use of digital films has created a result of new advancement within technology, such as HD, 4K, 8K, and 3D films. With the birth of these visual technologies, it has created an eye-catching experience for the entertainment of the audience. Although the development of digital technology has advanced throughout time, there are many positive aspects that impact the film industry as a whole, such as the post and pre-production side of filmmakingRead MoreStart of Mu sic Videos Were Much Different from Today Essay1002 Words   |  5 PagesMusic videos have come a long way in upcoming years, but how did they originally start off? Where did the idea come from and who invented it? Well the first video recorded in history is dated back to 1958 by Ladislav Rychman. It was just a music video or back them more commonly referred to as an illustrated song called Dame si do bytu, It was independently recorded. So how have they evolved over time since then? By creative minds at work creating the video age to which we know today including 3-DRead MoreA Video Editing Career1429 Words   |  6 Pages There are hundreds of different jobs in the television and film industry that exist today. Many people are needed to create a film or video, some people have very small parts in making the film while others have very large and important parts. Video editors hold a very important job in creating a finished a film or video. By sorting through footage, picking effective scenes, and sequencing the scenes in an effective manner; the video editor helps to create a well done final product. JOB DESCRIPTION Read MoreBusiness Proposal for Marathi Films1421 Words   |  6 Pagesfield of Audio-Visual Productions for over 8 years. He has worked on numerous projects ranging from TV Programs to Feature Films, TV Commercials to Documentaries, Company Corporate Presentations; in capacities ranging from Assistant Director to Director, Editor to Executive Producer. He has also worked as the CEO of Pasaydan Entertainment Pvt. Ltd. for 2 years as a Field Producer for Sony Corporation, Japan. He has worked as the Executive Producer for 3 Marathi Feature Films Aaichha! Gondhal†¦,Read MoreDubbing and Subtitling1651 Words   |  7 Pageswill focus on the necessity and of Dubbing and Subtitling. Pictures have universal language. It is said that a picture is better than 1000 words. Films, Television and other video programs are the forms of pictures in which pictures are moved at a very high speed (24 to 48 frames per second) Since the beginning of Cinema, films have been a global commodity to be exported in other countries. Lumiere Brothers, who were among the pioneers of cinematography came to India to show theirRead More The Impact of Digital Technology on the Film Industry Essay1626 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impact of Digital Technology on the Film Industry The purpose of this research assignment is to put forward a convincing argument in how digital technology in the last four years have completely revolutionised the whole film industry. This thesis will attempt to focus on the main disciplines of film making and the impact that technology has had on each area. Firstly, this article will look at recent changes in the pre-production area of film making followed by what new equipment and storageRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed The Development Of Today s Society1300 Words   |  6 Pagescontaining cameras has led to a shift in culture and a new found passion for amateur filmmaking among society. Several cultural factors, globally and locally, have contributed to the success of mobile devices and amateur film. Technology is not just shaping culture; modern film and internet culture is shaping the development of today’s society. Globally, the self-concept of many cell phone and social media users is being manipulated. Cell phone use for photography and videography has led to an increaseRead MoreThe Digital Media Production Club1382 Words   |  6 PagesWhen I was a junior in high school, I was curious of how videos were made, so I joined the digital media production club. In one week we learned the basics of how to create a short film, and it wasn’t as difficult as I thought it would be to create a video. There was many interesting information about filming, and I had fun producing each project with my club members. We had to create our own stories or personal perspective of a story into a video. When we want to recreate a movie scene, we need approvalRead MoreEssay about The History of Digital Cinema885 Words   |  4 PagesDigital cinema has quickly created a huge impression in the worlds of film and television. The progression from traditional film to digitized software has brought upon a myriad of new methods and processes to create and transport film more easily than ever before. 2K Resolution is one of many forms of digital cinema that has long been used in the history of film and is still the most popular format to use during screenings of feature films at a movie cinema. The history of 2K Resolution begins from theRead MoreThe U.S. Media And Entertainment Industry Is Comprised1157 Words   |  5 Pagesand audio recordings, broadcast, radio, book publishing, and video games. The U.S. Music and entertainment market, which represents a third of the global industry, and is the largest music and entertainment market globally. The market is expected to reach $771 billion by 2019, up from $632 billion in 2015, according to the 2014 - 2019 Entertainment Media Outlook by PriceWaterhouseCoopers. This is limited to the film and music, video game and sectors which represent American culture, much of which

The Effects of Financial Problems on the French Revolution...

The Effects of Financial Problems on the French Revolution The French Revolution, which broke out in 1787, was perhaps the most violent upheaval in the western world due to the extensive participation of peasants and common people, not only the aristocracy. Even thought in other parts of Europe revolutionist movements were taking place, they were usually between aristocratic rulers and other privileged groups. Regarding the causes of the French Revolution, several versions are proposed and debated. Some versions say that the causes were basically social and economical; while others say it was the rise of one particular class, the bourgeoisie. Therefore in order to attain a final answer it is†¦show more content†¦Industry and commerce were badly affected, which lead to a decline in production and employment. Apart from this, natural occurrences also helped to ruin harvests, and even though the degree of starvation had been higher during the reign of Louis XIV, this time it had a great psychological impact on the classes. This helped to increase even more the social gap between the bourgeoisie and the peasantry, consequently deep resentment was formed. However this resentment was not only between the bourgeoisie and peasants, but also between the second and third states. In the attempt to solve their difficulties, the nobility or second state, passed downwards to the bourgeoisie or third state, all the economic burden, thus widening the hostility between the states. Even though these struggles between social classes did not have an immediate effect due to temporary restrains, it later on became a significant cause for the breakout of the revolution. Although each class had its own aspirations and achievements suiting their interests, they had one common goal. As the regime was no longer serving their interests or guaranteeing them, it had to be put down or modified. Therefore the regime, combined with other pressures, finally collapsed. Each class then developed tactics to fulfill their interests and implement them to the new governmentShow MoreRelated French Revolution Essay1141 Words   |  5 Pages Why was there a French Revolution? Between, 1789  ¡V 1799, many events occurred in France that caused an outbreak within the people thus leading to a revolution. This culminated in the France becoming a democratic government. This essay will argue that the resentment of absolute government, financial difficulties, the famine, rise of philosophes and the ongoing feud between the estates are all the major causes of why there was a revolution in France. Firstly before going into the topic, the wordRead MoreFrench Revolution : The Main Effect Of Enlightenment Ideas Emergence Or Social Economic Disruption? Essay1670 Words   |  7 Pagesran, there were many problems in the social and economic section, such as poverty and taxation issues. Thus, French Revolution is one of the turning points of French public life. It is popular with the slogan â€Å"liberty, equality and fraternity† that brought French to be a new revolutionary country. While many people are still arguing whether French Revolution is the main effect of the Enlightenment ideas emergence or social economic disruption, I will argue that this revolution was an ultimate outcomeRead MoreThe Enlightment and the French Revolution1263 Words   |  6 PagesFrance during the 18th century, there was a system named the Ancien rà ©gime, which refers to the societal, economic and political structure of France before the French Revolution. At the top of the pyramid was the ab solute monarch Louis XVI. He took the throne in 1774 and received it with problems that couldn’t be fixed. (French Revolution Overview 6) Below the king came the first estate which was made of 100,000 nobles. Then came the second estate was made of 300,000 clergy. Finally came the thirdRead MoreThe French Revolution Of The Middle Ages Era Essay1578 Words   |  7 PagesThe French Kingdom in Middle Ages era was ruled by the arbitrary monarch. Besides the king, clergy, which is the officials of the church and nobility, which is the group of aristocrats has supreme power than the society. In the way it ran, there were many problems in the social and economic section, such as poverty and taxation issues. Thus, French Revolution is one of the turning points of French public life. It popular with the slogan â€Å"liberty, legality and fraternity† that brings French to beRead MoreEconomic Distress On France s Regressive Taxation System929 Words   |  4 Pagesaggravated th e situation with his excessive spending with total disregard of France’s fiscal problems as he ordered to build Versailles with gold decorations; this unnecessary spending furthered the debt, equally Marie Antoinette’s unwarranted spending led to anger among the Third Estate. Whilst it can certainly be argued the excessive spending of the monarch was not a direct cause of the economic problems thus blame cannot be entirely placed on Louis XVI as those before him, Louis XIV and Louis XVRead MoreThe Causes of the American Revolution Essay1425 Words   |  6 Pagesmade the revolution inevitable. The British were definitely expected to win the dispute because they significantly over powered the Colonists in most areas. They had more money, weapons, people, etc. However the American’s prevailed with the help of the French. Their involvement was largely based on the French losing the French and Indian War to the English. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The American Revolution was an inevitable conflict. The French and Indian War had major effects on the BritishRead MoreCauses Of Enlightenment1636 Words   |  7 PagesThe French Revolution is known as one of the most significant events in world history. With the perfect culmination of economic woes and the spreading of new, radical ideas, revolution was inevitable. The cause of the French Revolution can be attributed to many things. However, the most significant cause of this great historical event is the Enlightenment. This essay examines how Enlightenment thinking forever altered the role of the government and its policies in the lives of the French people.Read MoreThe French Revolution Explain the Significance of the Person, Event or Concept in Modern History Within the Time Period 1780-1914.1421 Words   |  6 Pagesconsequences of the Revolution were so momentous for Europe at the time, and for the whole world subsequently, that it has cast a shadow o ver the whole of modern history.† The French Revolution brought about significant changes in society and government of France. The revolution, which lasted from 1789 to 1799, also had extending effects on the rest of Europe. It introduced democratic ideals to France but did not make the nation a democracy. However, it did end the supreme rule by French kings and strengthenedRead MoreCauses of the French Revolution Essay1336 Words   |  6 PagesCauses of the French Revolution There is no doubt that the French Revolution has had a profound effect on the world. The cause or causes of it have been greatly disputed. Clearly the Revolutions primary cause was the presence of a weak monarchy and a lack of a stable system of government. Frances absolute monarchy had many changes toward the end of the eighteenth century. Louis XIV, in his attempts to centralize his authority and also lessen the power of the aristocrats, had plannedRead MoreEssay on Revolution as a Product of the Enlightenment Period1070 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is a revolution? Revolution is defined, is the overthrow of one government with replacement of another. We are all familiar with the phrase â€Å"history repeats itself† over and over each in very different situations. The same can be said about the American and French Revolutions however these two revolutions end in very different situations. Both the American Revolution, (1775 -1783) and the French Revolution (1789 -1799) were the products of Enlightenment ideals that struck a large population

America’s Postwar Divide Free Essays

The end of the Civil War brought opportunities and disadvantages for many Americans depending on one’s race, ethnicity and abilities. Chapters seventeen through twenty of â€Å"The American Nation† explains the changes which occurred in American society post civil war due to industrialism. The following essay examines the barriers created by an inefficient government causing discrimination of the poor in the mid-to-late 1800s. We will write a custom essay sample on America’s Postwar Divide or any similar topic only for you Order Now Severe discrimination of minorities and the poor led to a corrupt American government working only to benefit themselves and important wealthy voters. Congress used bribery to ensure their financial needs were met while those of American citizens were ignored. Many tactics were uses to ensure Congress remained Republican, such as criticizing Democrats as rebels and using the â€Å"bloody shirt† as a reminder of the violence and untrusting nature of Democrats during the Civil War (449). Many Americans were distrustful of Congress, and with good reason. An example of such distrust was seen in Americans desire for American currency to be changed from paper money back to bullion because they feared government would print as much money as necessary to cover an increase or decrease in taxes (450). Civil service reform was a concern during the post Civil War era but the barriers were immense (450). There were many factors contributing to the need for civil service reform. There was a long list of ineffective presidents and the hiring of unqualified lieutenants by politicians because of their involvement in the Civil War. In order to keep their congressional status, politicians needed loyal employees and by celebrating America’s patriots, they were adding on votes to ensure their success. As the author wrote in â€Å"The American Nation†, â€Å"patronage was the lifeblood of politics† (451); basically politicians bribed soldiers with high paying jobs and preferential treatment in return for their votes. Reformers wanted nonpartisan professional civil service and both democratic and republican politicians made a mockery of them (451). Although the Reconstruction era looked promising for America’s black men and women, it quickly became a failure. Minorities were treated very poorly postwar. One ineffective president, President Hayes, could have made a difference in the lives of black Americans, but when President Hayes realized his hopes were useless, he did not pursue the problem further (451). Poll taxes created an â€Å"economic barrier† to blacks an poor whites and the Fifth Amendment was not upheld for blacks (451). The literacy tests for the right to vote were rigged for illiterate whites and not for illiterate blacks; giving white votes the majority. Because blacks were treated as stupid and inferior, white law makers felt it was okay to restrict their rights. Rather than improving American society by addressing equal rights and liberties, congress spent their time making sure the rich and the white succeeded by restricting the rights of others who could get in the way. The Civil Rights Cases (1883) and Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) gave way to legalized segregation laws in schools, prisons, hospitals and anywhere public services were available. The only way blacks found success was through separatism, where they established communities of their own, and financially supporting the community through black business ownership (453). Blacks were forced to make â€Å"the choice between confrontation and accommodation† (454). Immigrants suffered as well, they were seen as a drain on society and were accused of taking the jobs of other Americans because of their cheap labor (454). Immigrants rushed to America with the rise of industry and manufacturing, yet they could only afford the slums where disease and violence were abundant. This gave them a bad reputation and therefore Americans demanded laws be made to protect their jobs and money from immigrants. The Plains Indians were removed from their land and many violent attacks caused the death of thousands of Indians. White influence threatened to take culture away from the Indians, as Indians began buying new technologies from Americans. White man wanted to civilize the Indians by passing the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 which was a promise of education and some land which resulted in the Indians loss of culture and tax increases on land resulting in a loss of land (462). American greed such as seen during the gold rush, trampled on the lives of the Indians. Rich, powerful industrial leaders took away land for railroad development, killing of the tribes’ food source and killing off most of the Indians (462). Wealth rose among the business tycoons but not for the average American citizen. It was a kill or be killed society. As population increase, food and transport demand also increased, bringing wealth to industry giants (472). Government was so ineffective in creating regulations for businesses that many business owners took it upon themselves to fix things, such as seen with the oversupply of cows. However, the ranchers for the most part destroyed their businesses by unintentionally killing their cows with barbed wire fences (473). The exploitation of natural resources brought expansion to American manufacturing, farmers were getting replaced and they lost the respect of many Americans and the government did nothing to help (477). The rise of new and competing technologies made businesses and their products quickly become obsolete (487). Lowering product prices to in order to compete with similar companies caused job loss and other problems in society. Mergers took place without any government regulations and peoples’ jobs were very unstable. The government tried to get their act together by creating business regulations, such as the Sherman Act, which were essentially ineffective (495). Labor unions caused more strikes and violence than actual assistance for workers. Employees were in constant distress from more skilled workers taking over jobs, employers who could throw them out at any time and union opportunities met with employer disapproval (498). Wealth was unevenly distributing to only a few and the few became smaller with every year (500). The wealthy business owners held ordinary citizens fates in their hands because their money controlled the government and the court systems (500). The middle class society benefited from big businesses and lived well and extremely wasteful (505). New technologies caused many workers the inability to keep up with the needed skills and once new schools and colleges were opened many college grads got the jobs while both male and female unskilled industrial workers suffered low wages and could not live decently (505). The uneven balance of society’s wealth can be demonstrated through the type of work women maintained. Although all women were paid less; middle class women worked as nurses teachers and lower class as sales and cashier clerks (505). Stability was a problem; middle class workers saved money if their jobs were not stable where stable workers would spend their money (507). Social culture was important to the rich and middle class but the poor were discriminated against enjoying such privileges (516). Even the church discriminated against the poor. Protestants were the only ones to take a step in the right direction and help the poor improve their lives, not with charity but with reform (524). Socialist ideals became popular towards the turn of the century likely because of government’s inability to help all Americans and not just themselves and other wealthy citizens. Society wanted to see welfare, unemployment benefits, nationalizing industries, public housing and many other beneficial programs for the needy and equal opportunities for all Americans (524). 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Case Study Analysis ACMA Organization-Free-Samples Myassignment

Question: You will be required to write a Formal Memorandum Communicating your analysis of the People Management Issues involved in the Case Study. Answer: Introduction Analyzing on the organization communication is extremely significant within an organization. To understand on the work as well as the organization in the current global environment, there is need to look at both at what exactly is taking place inside the organization and larger culture in which the business functions (Austin and Pinkleton, 2015). The aspect of communication enables the organization to commence a communication to develop awareness, comprehending along with appreciation the enterprise strategic goals, preferably which lead to the fulfillment of the needs of the business and the environment. Communication is a vital management component to any specific given organization. Regardless of whether the purpose is within updating on the workers new policies, or even listening to the attitude for the employees, effective communication is the essential problem in an effective management (Austin and Pinkleton, 2015). For ACMA to be successful they have to have a comprehensive p olicies along with approaches for communicating with its constituencies, the employees, stakeholders in addition to the community at large. Understanding on how to improve communication within ACMA business entails planning along with categorizing the needs of communication (Bloom, Garicano, Sadun and Van, 2014). This is a significant aspect which helps the flow throughout an establishment. In this report I will carry an analysis on how to improve internal communication across ACMA organization which has been an issue they have suffered over some time now. This has been one of the major issue which has affected on the way the management as well as employee communicate, there has been barriers between them and when it has been addressed fully they will be able to perform better on their functions (Broadbent, 2013). Efficient and a clear communication between the management and the employees is vital to a successful business. after all the employees are the best brand ambassadors, since they are the front line engaging with the customers, sharing your messages as well as helping the business to grow. For ACMA organization to establish a communication strategy, it is significant to have a strong grasp on the best practices for sharing information and also aligning on the goals on the organization wide level. Some of these best practices are not necessarily the be-all and the end-all of the internal comms, they are used as the guide for laying on the groundwork as well as understanding how the initial strategy will be able to scale alongside the growth of the company. Ways to improve communication in ACMA organization On the first thing when it comes on how to improve communication within this organization is to define and refine on the business goals (Bloom, Garicano, Sadun and Van, 2014). As with most of the business strategies, an effective communication when it comes to the workplace it all start with a strong plan (Coombs, 2014). It is important to determine it at the high level where you are now and where you intend to go next as an organization and then confirm that the plan with the stakeholders who are involved in the execution as well as maintaining on this communication strategy (Bovee, 2010). According to Bambu on their recent data report highlight that eighty percent of the workers usually want their employer to keep them updated in regards to the news in the organization and this information could help on their jobs and build relationship with their colleagues (Bovee, 2010). This shows that the business need to start thinking more strategically when it comes to the information which is needed to be served up to the employees, what cadence they should deliver and which method they need to deliver with. Some of the question the things that that the line manager and other management need to ask would be what would the internal communication strategy do to the organization? Which are the areas are working well, and what needs improvement? Which are the communications tools or even platform are available to the organization? Answering on these questions would paint a clearer picture of what the organization intend to do when it comes to the internal communication strategy to accomplishing it (Goetsch and Davis, 2014). These goals serves as the blueprint when it comes to establishing of this strategy, growing and maintaining it over some time. Practical and evidence based oriented approach to effective communication The communication blitz is amongst the proved approach with regards to communicating crucial communications successfully throughout business such as ACMA (Hislop, 2013). The individuals seeking to enhance communication within a business as well as improve on the engagement of the workers might use the utilization of this simple to operate process that should be pointed out depending on its practical oriented and evidence based aspect. In the course of the significant project, especially when the things are changing, there is certainly usually an increase need for the ongoing communication to the workers (Hislop, 2013). When employing a continuous improvement initiative, to communicate useful is important to succeed. Communication blitz provides a proactive approach while relying communications to assist manage any specific change that is within an organization (Chang, 2016). In a company for example ACMA there are several project that are executed which requires a master plan that c ould include major tasks and milestones, along with a well-designed change management plan. The change management plan ought to incorporate an extensive communication plan. It is subset of communication plan that is a number of communications that is delivered face to face from the managers to the staff. Preparation to follow the sequence This method is very easy. The first thing is the fact the senior managers should develop the succinct, short message (Chang, 2016). They after that divide up the front line managers into equal groups. The senior managers subsequently head out into the function parts of supervisors, discusses on this message, seek out open discussion after which look for retention with the managers (Smidts, Pruyn and Van, 2001). This might be carried out individually or perhaps in small groups. The next thing is that the front managers meets with their employees in small groups and deliver the same message. After a particular time frame, around two to four weeks, the leadership group interviews a sample of the hourly workers to find out they might determine they might explain on the message (Smidts, Pruyn and Van 2001). They then develop questions that are precise to the message which is delivered to ensure that there is certainly a regular approach to discussing with the hourly workers. The goal wou ld be to have a minimum of 40 % retention, meaning 40 % of the employees can easily communicate on the message. After achieving 40 % or even a better percent, the subsequent message may be formulated and cycle begin again. This is illustrated from the figure below to show how the process is done. Figure 1: The process of communication cycle. The 40% is the minimum number of individuals who should have a strong understanding on the messages to make sure that the communications is getting through. This could improve on the likelihood of the changes when taking hold. When it comes to scoring of the retention, it is important to develop a matrix for the key questions as well as a list of employees who receive on the messages. Figure 2: The diagram shows a communication matrix It is important to document how well workers are capable of retaining the message. Talking to couple of individual to obtain a gut check is too subjective with regards to making certain that the messages was received well (Shockley-Zalabak, 2014). The utilization of this matrix could assist in ensuring the end result that is preferred has taken place (Den, Boon, Verburg and Croon, 2013). Whenever scoring on retention, there ought to be three levels of response which are expected these are; full recall, a few remember or maybe simply no recall. There are 2 people that are needed when conducting the review, the top site manager in addition to the project leaders. This requires two sessions, which are carrying the clipboard with the questions along with any specific additional information what one would love to leave with each individual that are interviewed (Cummings and Worley, 2014). An illustration, it is possible to analyze how this message continues to be kept and simultaneously c ommunicated back throughout the evaluation. Reviewing the scorecard might reveal the advantages and weaknesses of the outcomes (Samovar, Porter, McDaniel and Roy, 2015). Reviewing of the scores of persons generally reveal the operator has a reduced understanding. Furthermore, review with the other operators have to be carried out to be able to evaluate if it absolutely was one person who forgotten on the content or if perhaps all the operators were missing on the main points (Chang, 2016). The totals across the bottom reveals that talking about how long would this change take? had the lowest score. This was not communicated evidently and it must be repeated. Every round of blitz must have a prudence call in relation to the requirements for the partial or maybe entire message which is to be repeated (Chang, 2016). Consequently, in this instance repeating the information around how long the change take will be important, however the new message in the round two might be new content. Additional considerations It is necessary for one to avoid on the typical error with regards to organizational communications- this really is measuring the success of communication from the sender perspective (Grunig, 2013). In many of time the leaders generally believe that we told them or even that we have communicated this in the meeting or maybe that we delivered the emails and even put the posters with regards to this message (Cummings and Worley, 2014). For most of time people generally believe that the employees got the message simply because they believe in their high confidence in the development of the message and channels which are designed in dispensing them. There are constantly opportunities with regards to improving an effective delivery channel of the message. The effectiveness of communication need to always to be checked through conducting of the in person evaluations with the hourly workers, seek to know how much might be recalled. This may have a multiple optimistic effects (Broadbent, 20 13). The line managers have to be seen in the work areas, the senior managers should be following on the message and also depict on its significance, the employees have to also feel appreciated while they are asked these questions by the top leadership (Men, 2014). The supervisor should also feel valued by having a direct face to face time with the top leaders and the top managers end up understanding things which the workers and the supervisors come across to help them progress better . The cost of performing on the communication blitz is the leadership time. It is substantially more efficient to send an email and at the same time anticipate the staff to get the message (Cummings and Worley, 2014). The most effective technique is at the same time less efficient. Investment in time is really worth the return. How many times has the big change been thrown out with much minimum training and poor communication? When the efficient techniques are used, the outcome scanty are at best. Recommendations To enable ACMA organization employees and managers to communicate effectively the following are some of the recommendations. Assess of the communication level: it is important for the managers to solicit feedback from the employees by asking them how well you communicate with them and if they have ideas when it comes to improving communication (Broadbent, 2013). Something such as one on one weekly meeting with the workers could help open on the communication lines. Communicate directly: it is important for the managers to communicate something significant directly to the employees rather than other channels, to ensure they grasp on the message clearly. An example when the manager is displeased with an action of the employee or want to give a specific direction on how to accomplish a given task, it is important to deliver on the information yourself rather than send via an email or even a telephone call. Requirement of a status report: It is important for the employees to be providing a weekly written status report, so as to enable one what has been achieved during the week and what have been planned for the following week (Broadbent, 2013). This would provide the basis for discussion on the weekly meeting and monitor on the progress of any project that are uncompleted. Training: When it comes to communication, the line managers should never overlook the virtues of training. The improved interactions can be achieved when the team are given relative training. In training there are various courses which are available in improving the communication skills, which is aimed in improving the ability to deliver the message, inform as well as persuade. All the basic are usually covered, which include the verbal, written, the face to face, and giving the presentations. Conclusion ACMA organization has been encountering many issues within the organization, but one of the major issue is communication within the organization. When there is no effective mechanism for communication the employees and management would not work efficiently which could lead to many issue arising in regards to meeting deadline or even accomplishing various tasks. In this report I have provided evidenced based as well as a practical approach the organization could utilize to have an effective communication channel which will enable them to achieve their goals References Austin, E.W. and Pinkleton, B.E., 2015. Strategic public relations management: Planning and managing effective communication campaigns (Vol. 10). Routledge. Bloom, N., Garicano, L., Sadun, R. and Van Reenen, J., 2014. The distinct effects of information technology and communication technology on firm organization. Management Science, 60(12), pp.2859-2885. Broadbent, D.E., 2013. Perception and communication. Elsevier. Bovee, C.L., 2010. Business Communication Today, 10/e. Pearson Education India. Chang, J.F., 2016. Business process management systems: strategy and implementation. CRC Press. Cummings, T.G. and Worley, C.G., 2014. Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Coombs, W.T., 2014. Ongoing crisis communication: Planning, managing, and responding. Sage Publications. Den Hartog, D.N., Boon, C., Verburg, R.M. and Croon, M.A., 2013. HRM, communication, satisfaction, and perceived performance: A cross-level test. Journal of management, 39(6), pp.1637-1665. Goetsch, D.L. and Davis, S.B., 2014. Quality management for organizational excellence. Upper Saddle River, NJ: pearson. Grunig, J.E. ed., 2013. Excellence in public relations and communication management. Routledge. Hislop, D., 2013. Knowledge management in organizations: A critical introduction. Oxford University Press. Men, L.R., 2014. Strategic internal communication: Transformational leadership, communication channels, and employee satisfaction. Management Communication Quarterly, 28(2), pp.264-284. Samovar, L.A., Porter, R.E., McDaniel, E.R. and Roy, C.S., 2015. Communication between cultures. Nelson Education. Shockley-Zalabak, P., 2014. Fundamentals of organizational communication. Pearson. Smidts, A., Pruyn, A.T.H. and Van Riel, C.B., 2001. The impact of employee communication and perceived external prestige on organizational identification. Academy of Management journal, 44(5), pp.1051-1062.

Lewis Mumfords Technics and Civilization free essay sample

In the section The Monastery and the Clock, in Lewis Mumford’s Technics and Civilization, the clock is regarded as the key-machine of the modern industrial age. How such a machine managed to change the way we live out our existence is phenomenal. First used in seventh century monastery’s to keep a rule of order over the monks and to ensure that events take place regularly. Now the clock is an integral part of civilization. Since its creation it has prepared mankind to be compatible with future machines. But what is a clock and what does it do? A clock is something that measures time and time in my definition is the duration of a day and the events within the day. Time is something we humans created, an artifact, to measure and keep track of the events in our day. With it we hold more value in our day and the time we have. We will write a custom essay sample on Lewis Mumfords Technics and Civilization or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The clock, over centuries, indeed has changed the way we view our days, our lives. The emergence of Western Civilization has been marked by the clocks abilities. It was the modeled machine that set the foundation for future machines. Machines nowadays require frequent maintenance and the ability to run alongside other machines. This is made possible by the clock, which allowed people to interact with the machines regularly and at appropriate times. Mumford states that the clock â€Å"marks a perfection toward which other machines aspire. Without it the technology we have to today may have never been around. The clock has such significant value because it has influenced many aspects of mankind’s life. Without it, the things we value, for example, the time we get to spend with our family, would be different because we would have no idea how long or short that period was so we may not value it as much. Time is something I believe we value more than ever before because our time is limited in a day and in a broader sense our life span. There’s so much to do and for some there may be not much time left. Also, some people who hold money and wealth as something valuable will view time as something just as valuable. As the old saying goes, â€Å"time is money†. The cultural effects of the clock are also present in our lives. The clock and time has become such regularity that to us it is â€Å"second nature†. Everything we do, especially in American culture, has to do with the clock or time. The amount of time we sleep to when our alarm clock wakes us up to the amount of time we work. Our generation has shifted to one that relies heavily on the clock. In a way the clock has made us somewhat mechanical in that we rise in the morning, eat breakfast, lunch and dinner at the same time everyday. We follow the hours, minutes, and seconds of the clock with such familiarity, yet we have our own natural biological clock that sometimes seems to be ignored. For instance, when I’m up doing homework at night, my biological clock will tell me its time to sleep but when I look at the digital clock I see that its still early in time and tell myself that its not bedtime yet. Ultimately, the clock has help build our society into what it is today. This ever-present machine today has shaped the values and actions of mankind. Without it our civilization now would not be able to function and it would be the â€Å"collapse of our entire society†. To appreciate the clock, one would just need to imagine if it were gone.

Canadian Constitutional Rights And Freedoms

Canadian Constitutional Rights And Freedoms Question #4: List and Discuss the rights and freedoms Canadians enjoy. What protections are missing our constitution and how could these omissions affect you as an individual? What inclusions would make the ideal constitution.Canadian Rights and Freedoms: - Guarantee of Rights and Freedoms - Fundamental Freedoms - Democratic Rights - Mobility Rights - Legal Rights - Equality Rights - Official languages of Canada - Minority language education rights - Enforcement - General - Application of Charter Canada's Charter of rights and freedoms is for the most part a thorough document which spesfically outlines the rights and freedoms that citizens of Canada enjoy. Although there are a couple of areas of the Charter which could use some sections which secure the ones which have wholes in them. Section 1 of the Charter is one of these area's because on the surface it is some what misleading in such that it is simply rights are guaranteed in the Constitution but, it is possible for parliament a nd provincial legislatures.The interior of the House of Commons of Canada, in...

Student Loan Debt Crisis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Student Loan Debt Crisis - Research Paper Example In such a situation the rise in cost of essential items such as gasoline, electricity negatively impacts the quality of their studies. For the greater majority of students, borrowing money from banks has become a necessity to fund for their college and university education. On average, students now graduate with at least $21,000 in debt and in fact in some extreme circumstances students graduate with $100,000 in debt or more. Tuition fees at private colleges and universities have gone up tremendously - far ahead of inflation. Parents are losing jobs or their salaries are reduced as a result of the economic crisis. Thus the amount that parents can contribute towards their children's education is decreasing. This means that a greater number of students are dependent on loans for their college and university education. Every student who is currently attending or applying to college currently is horrified by what is going on in the financial markets. Things such as bonds for student loans are affected as a result. The economic crisis that has affected USA and the rest of the world has left many the going tough for many. Whether people have lost homes, investments, or confidence in the government the crisis has had an effect on everyone, including students. (Daly, 2010) The various literature highlighting the impact of the rising cost of living and on factors such as the obtainment of student loans and gasoline prices in particular provide a strong enticement for the need to study the effects of these things on the college and university students. There will be a direct impact on student borrowings that will most likely be affected by the current financial crisis. Private student loans are likely to be the most affected as the economic crisis will most likely have an impact on loans that are not guaranteed and subsidized. Private nonguaranteed lending may drop by half or more as previously available sources of capital will dry up and disappear. This drop-off will have a tremendous impact on students in higher-priced private institutions and for-profit trade schools, were in recent times a large number of parents and students have come to depend on private loans to make up for the discrepancy in federal loan limits and higher prices charged at these institutions. The average fee per year at private nonprofit institutions is about $25,000 per year. The total cost of attendance inclusive of charges for accommodation and meals come to about $35,000.As a result of the economic crisis most firms are cutting back on full-time employe es and interns to save money. So a job is hard to come by after completing their education. As a result repayment of the loan is difficult. The student loan system is governed by a process called securitization. For example if a certain bank loans money to thousand students, the lender takes these thousand loans, puts them together in a trust, and sells shares of that trust to investors. The investment is encouraged by the promise of income received when the students repay their loans. The investors are pretty certain that this income will be steady and the lender is benefitted because it gets back the principle balance on the student loans

The Rocking-Horse Winner VS. Janus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Rocking-Horse Winner VS. Janus - Essay Example The lady portrayed in the story by Lawrence is Paul’s mother â€Å"Hester,† who finds her marriage to be unlucky as she is unable to cope up with the poor financial situation of her married life. She even feels that her children are a burden for her. The story opens with the line â€Å"woman who was beautiful, who started with all the advantages, yet she had no luck† (Lawrence). Hester is blessed with three children and her son Paul is shown as a strange character who after receiving the rocking horse gets a strange power, which helps him to predict the horse race winners correctly. He makes a good amount of money out of this and tries to help his mother so that she can pay off the debts. Instead of clearing the debts, she squanders the money for their stylish living. This shows that the lady has a sick desire for money. The story ends with the tragic death of Paul after falling from the horse. In Ann Beatties’s â€Å"Janus,† the protagonist’ s name is Andrea, and she is a successful real estate agent who believes in her lucky bowl. When she gets a buyer for the house, â€Å"she places the bowl in the house that was up for sale† (Beattie 595). This indicates that she was a blind believer of her luck, which she thought relied on the bowl. She credits her achievement to the bowl that is often also admired by the buyers. The story starts with the introduction of bowl – â€Å"The Bowl was perfect,† as the author puts it.

Comment 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Comment 3 - Assignment Example The work gives much attention to concepts that govern appropriate data collection. It can also be noticed that the author has indicated the two main types of research as either qualitative or quantitative. The supportive facts used to strengthen the viewpoint of the author in respect of using effective communication in data collection are convincing. This is in respect of the common knowledge that oral interview or questionnaires tend to be successful on sound communication skills and proper structure. Observation as a method of data collection has also been given significant focus in regard to the need for total involvement by the researcher (Easterby-Smith, Thorpe and Jackson, 2012). Adoption of a particular methodology on choice of method for data collection and analysis serves to estimate sample population and match the objective of the study. The flow of ideas from introduction on data collection, methodology and conclusion that tackles hypothesis sheds much light on research methods to a layman. This makes this work stand out is representative of the widely used research study

Sports And Active Lifestyles Children And Young People Essay

Sports And Active Lifestyles Children And Young People Essay Unfortunately, youth sport has for a long time, and still is, being organised, run and taught by persons who draw on their personal philosophies in their approaches. i)Discuss the dangers of this. ii)Which are the main areas within youth sport which need to be considered to shape such philosophical standpoints of people working with youth in sport? Introduction In many aspects of our life we find people who, either directly or indirectly, influence the path we follow to achieve growth towards reaching our future goals. Such influencing people could be parents, teachers, mentors, coaches, nursery leaders, policy makers and any other role model position we may encounter. They do so in line with their philosophy on that particular aspect of life, for which they are responsible to guide us through the path of success. Their philosophy is built from the theoretical knowledge they acquired in their own educational phase of life as well as through their practical experience in the area they are assigned to lead. This applies in particular to people who are trusted to work with our children in various sports disciplines. Parents still insist that their children should engage in organized sport for several reasons. Since six decades ago, there has been a growing belief that leaving child activities under the informal control of children themselves may lead to antisocial behaviour when they grow up. (Coakley, 2009) argues that many adults believe that this lack of control is eliminated by organised sports through which they constructively control their childrens activities. However it is of utmost importance that those who work in youth sport and policymakers adopt the right philosophy that encourages sport participation of youths in the long term. Individuals who are involved into such youth programmes ought to be aware about researched material that may be used to adjust the programmes to better serve the child interest, even when this goes against their philosophy. Negative Outcomes Participation is unlikely to persist when stubbornly sticking to the point of view of the adult whose way of thinking may be in conflict with that of the youth. One has to keep in mind the interest of the child; the fun aspect of the sport itself. Children tend to stray away from adult invasion into their sport. They like to create their own games, their own worlds, therefore forcing them to participate into organised activities might lead them into a path they do not want. (Gill, 2007) mentions several arguments in favour of exposing our children to environments where a degree of risks is involved, as opposed to institutionalised sports. We actually do children a disservice by trying to eliminate risks from their lives as they grow up (Gill, 2012). When children are allowed to experience risky situations, they learn practical skills, such as swimming, cycling and road safety, that help them manage similar situations and protect themselves in the outside world. In addition, if not allowed to experience risks, children tend to seek out situations that may potentially be too dangerous. In other words, children like the challenges present in risky situations. Parents usually fear the fact that the environment outside of home has become such a dangerous place for children. They feel more security by trusting their children to coaching methods that are sometimes found to be counterproductive. This ideology may sometimes expose our children to occasional high injury rates from organised youth sport such as stress fractures and other injuries caused by overuse. (Micheli, 1990) suggests certification of coaches as a part of the solution. In a study on US youth sports, (Seefeldt Ewing, 1992) found that there was a drop from 25% to 3% in sport participation from the ages of 10 to 18 respectively. This huge withdrawal was attributed to the competitive nature of sports in males. (Biddle, et al., 2005) drew similar conclusions for females. (Cotà ¨ Wall, 2007) postulate that children who do not experience fun in sport at their early ages, tend to drop out from the activity because they lack the intrinsic motivation to keep on participating. This hinders the higher level skills they would have obtained later on in their sports career. (Abbott Collins, 2002) propose that if youths do not engage successfully into sport activities at the participative phase (up to eight years of age) they will most likely lack self-efficacy beliefs which are necessary to persist in being physically active through life. (Coakley, 2009) mentions ample literature from critics of adult-organised sports that argues on many shortcomings of this approach. The presence of parents watching their child playing an organised, competitive game that is customised for adults is counterproductive both mentally and physically to the child. Some children make it clear that they feel most parents come to see them playing just to criticise them both during and after a game, making them feel embarrassed. Even worse, this sends the wrong message to children that physical activity and sport is there only for the young, given that their parents are always sitting there as spectators. Children are not to be treated as miniature adults; some youth sports organisations expose children to too little practice and too many competitions when studies show it should be the other way round. Equipment and rules are sometimes not suitable to the age and ability levels of children. Main Areas to be Considered Up to the young age of two years, children look for pleasure from discovering and mastering attempts. Up to around six years of age children exhibit an egocentric character. Starting from the age of five youngsters enter the social comparison phase in which they start to compare what they have and what they do with their peers. This is usually interpreted as a sign of the childs interest in competition. This phase continues to strengthen until the age of twelve. Children younger than twelve may find it difficult to get the full understanding of their role in a competition. To encourage participation the rules of the game must be modified to suit their developmental capabilities (Richardson, 2007). It is also suggested that children in this age range are  exposed to a variety of sports as well as different positional variations in each sport. To be ready for competitive sports, young individuals need to fully develop their physical, cognitive and social abilities. Several studies suggest that children start to develop their cognitive and social abilities at around the age of eight and these abilities are expected to reach their required levels at the age of twelve (Coakley, 2009). In fact literature shows that the ideal age of introducing competitive strategies is at the ages of twelve to fifteen, also known as the transitional phase, and children under eight years of age should not be put into competitive roles. Research consistently shows the attraction of children to freedom in whatever they do (Gill, 2007). The traditional sports organised by adults tend to focus more on rules as opposed to informal sports that emphasise action, an approach that shows more positive outcomes (Coakley, 2009). One of the benefits of rules is to allow for safety. However, (Mullarkey) maintains that We must try to make life as safe as necessary, not as safe as possible. Rules from organised games should be modified in such a way to allow for more action and personal involvement and to keep the difference in scores as low as possible. On the other hand, action must meet the requirements to strengthen personal involvement, excitement, decision making and interpersonal relationships between participants. When working with children one should not assume that the social and cognitive abilities are already fully developed in sports. (Bandura, 1997) stresses the importance of both perceived and actual competence in an individuals decision to both engage in and maintain involvement in an activity. Actual competence widens the choice of sport for the individual while perceived competence provides the drive to persist in the sport even when difficulties are met. Therefore, if a broad range of psychomotor skills have been successfully developed from a young age, the literature suggests these will act as a basis for subsequent involvement as well as equipping individuals with the ability to make appropriate participation choices. In informal sports, one must be careful not to allow any form of bullying, patronising of girls when playing with boys and exclusion. The role of the adults should be that of a guide who ensures safety, encourages participation, mediates disputes and not to impose organised sports rules. Sometimes informal games may require more play space, but this can be overcome by creativity from the coach. Creativity is also a quality that is strengthened on the child when exposed to an informal setup. Children get the message that in life they have make decisions and not always follow repetitive rules. Conclusion The above review suggests that in todays society, coaches, organisations and parents should be well aware of questions and issues which need to be addressed when involving themselves into organised youth sport programmes. People who work in youth sports must keep their mind open to new ideas and they should educate themselves to keep their knowledge up to date on the current studies in the field. To the contrary of adult sports, when dealing with youths, in particular at the participative level coaches need to emphasise less on structure and more on variety to keep motivation at high levels. Rather than early specialisation the ultimate goal is to make the child physically literate.

The Debt Crisis of the Eighties and Nineties Essay -- Economy Economic

The Debt Crisis of the Eighties and Nineties The debt crisis of the 1980s and 1990s has been one of the largest economic disasters of the 20th Century. It has caused widespread poverty, famine and starvation across many of the third world countries it has touched. The Crisis did not go by unnoticed however. Since the mid 1990s world governments have awoken to the horrible reality that such debt causes with attempts to lighten the devastating affects with such programs as the Brady plan, HIPC and eventually HIPC 2. While these plans have had only limited success the question of weather the debt crisis can be solved in the long run is still to be answered. The debt crisis as it is now called did not occur in one single event; instead it developed as a slow moving â€Å"chronic syndrome†[1]. The primary crisis, which occurred in Mexico in 1982, was centred on middle-income nations[2], while the second strain occurred in poorer African nations, with the effects from it still being well and truly felt today[3]. For these countries the need for industrialisation meant the need for large-scale borrowing. Since many of the African nations were excluded from being aloud to borrow until the early 1960s, the need to borrow a lot, quickly, was a common trend throughout the developing nations[4]. The reasons for the colossal amounts of debt cannot be simply explained for they vary from country to country. Some nations had corrupt militaristic governments who cared more for themselves than for their people[5]. While others struggled with failed projects and damaging economic decisions[6]. By the early 70’s the debt had begun to accumulate. The impoverished and debt stricken countries began to shift commodities meant for the sustenance of the people to the export sector to try and make enough money to pay off their debts. Suddenly all the indebted countries were simultaneously selling their primary commodities on the world market. The flow of coffee, coca, copper, steel, ect, had the devastating effect of lowering the commodity prices causing the developing nations to make much less than they had previously. Countries now had to sell two or three times what the used too to make the same money[7]. Combined with the rising and falling of the dollar, and the rises of interest rates in the 80s, the third world debt was now even larger than ... ...continue in the long run many of HIPC goals will be achieved. Success of HIPC and the debt cancellation plans of the 90’s are indeed difficult to judge. If success were to be measured by how much has been paid out from the forecasted amount then HIPC could be viewed as a failure. However if success were judged on the increase of social service spending then yes HIPC would be seen as a successful initiative. The one clear success of the debt cancellation plans has been public awareness. Though the cancellation process is moving slowly and only achieving a fraction of its goals[18] the general public of the world has now awoken to the horrors that debt can lead to. With public support behind the debt cancellation process the debt crisis will eventually be overcome. --------------------------------------------------------------------- [1] La Trobe, Assignment Manual, p.130 [2] Ibid [3] Ibid, pp.130, 131 [4] Ibid, p.133 [5] Ibid, p.131 [6] Ibid [7] Ibid, p.137 [8] Ibid [9] lecture [10] Ibid, p.144, 145 [11] Ibid [12] Ibid [13] Ibid, p.149 [14] Ibid, p.152 [15] Ibid, p.156 [16] Ibid [17] Ibid [18] Ibid, pp. 150-153

HIV sexual risk behaviors and perception of risk among college students: implications for planning interventions Essay

Final Project Proposal Introduction                   Since its discovery in 1983, scientists have worked tirelessly on determining the origins and biological mechanisms of the HIV virus. The gravity of the HIV virus cannot be understated as approximately 25 million people have contracted HIV and developed AIDS since the discovery of the virus. During the progression of knowledge surrounding the virus, statistical analysis of HIV related data displays regional, socioeconomic, and racial inconsistencies regarding HIV infection. From a global perspective, the discrepancies in HIV prevalence between wealthy and low income countries are unsettling to say the least. For instance, Sub-Saharan Africa accounts for approximately 2/3 of 34 million individuals currently living with the HIV virus. Superficial analysis of such statistics might invite one to presume that African sexuality must account for this large discrepancy, however, to develop a complete and nuanced understanding of the epidemic, it is important to delve into the specifics of resource allocation, gender inequalities, and access to adequate medical care. Similarly, a superficial analysis of HIV statistics might cause one to believe HIV epidemic largely affects only middle and low income countries and need not be extensively discussed within developed nations. Such lines of thinking fail to address the fact that international connectivity through economics and travel make the HIV virus capable of permeating national borders.                   Due to the international risk posed by the virus, it is crucial that scientist and policy makers from high, medium, and low income countries make a collective attempt to understand the root causes of HIV infection discrepancies. By understanding inconsistencies in HIV infection, one is then able to appropriately address the issues he or she has identified. What is important to note is that approaches to specific issues exacerbating HIV infection discrepancies may have to be altered for respective communities. In the same way ,one must understand factors accounting for HIV infection inconsistencies, one must similarly note that the nuances of a given community will significantly impact the efficacy of a prevention mechanism. Although the nuances of a given community may differ, we propose that the majority of root causes associated with increased risk of HIV infection are maintained irrespective of national borders. For the purposes of our research, we ho pe to analog the potential factors leading to increased risk of infection within African communities as well as marginalized subpopulations within the United States, specifically on the Williams College Campus. For all intents and purposes, the research we conduct at Williams College cannot wholly reflect all college campus environments, however, we anticipate that our research will provide an analytical and informative way of understanding increased risk of marginalized subpopulations.                   To ensure an indebt analysis, we will be discussing the role of gender dynamics in increasing an individual’s risk to HIV infection. Specifically, we aim to observe whether there is a correlation to gendered sexuality and increased risk behaviors. Utilizing the piece written by Patrica McFadden, we have come to understand the correlation between sexuality and power, and how the lacking focus on female sexuality has consequently limited their power. Given the previous statement, one can then presume that the inflation of male sexuality has drastically altered the power dynamic between the two sexes. Our research at Williams College will highlight possible restrictions on female students may disallow them from protecting themselves. For instance, a female student may not feel comfortable insisting upon contraceptive, and this inability to insist upon contraceptive significantly increases her likeliness of infection. Within a setting such as Williams College, one might inquire how an individual would not insist upon protection given the literature surrounding the HIV virus. To answer this question, one has to acknowledge that stigma and cultural surveillance are powerful deterrents to women taking the sexual initiative. The cultural reinforcement of passive female sexuality, thus the de facto male sexuality is dominant. Since only the male sexuality is acknowledged as dominant, the male will be considered the actor who ultimately initiates and determines the details of the sexual encounter. A potentially interesting point of inquiry would be to get an understanding of to what extents females and males on the Williams campus relate to typified gender sexualities. Results                   The survey was generally short and involved three questions. The first question that we asked was in regards to how many students that people think are infected with HIV/AIDS on campus. The choices available to the respondents were â€Å"there is no HIV/AIDS on campus†, â€Å"1 to 3 students†, â€Å"4 to 10 students†, â€Å"10 to 30 students† and â€Å"30+†. According to the results of the survey , Black Men answered that there were more than 4 cases of HIV/AIDS on this campus. Among all the groups involved in the survey ¸ Black Women were the only group to answer that they believed that over 30 students were infected by HIV/AIDS. On their part, white women were of the idea that there were less than 10 HIV/AIDS cases on campus. Neither White Men nor White Women answered that there were over 10 cases of HIV/AIDS, and comparatively no Black Women or Black Men answered that there was no presence of HIV/AIDS on campus.                   The second question that we asked was, â€Å"whose responsibility it was to bring the condom to a sexual encounter;† the choices were â€Å"both have an equal responsibility,† â€Å"you,† â€Å"your partner† or â€Å"neither has a responsibility†. According to the results of the survey, White Men was the only group that responded that it was their responsibility to bring the condom to the sexual encounter. On their part, black women responded that it was the duty of their partner.all the respondents were more likely to answer the choices where they have some sort of control . Black Men and Black Women believed that it was the man’s responsibility to bring the condom, whereas both White Men and White Women answered that it was their own responsibility to bring the condoms.                   The third question that the respondents were asked during the survey was ,â€Å"whose responsibility is it to insist on condom use† and the answer choices were the same as the second questions’. The most popular response among both black and whites was,â€Å"both have responsibilities,†.However the genders did align but they were different from each other. Black Women and White Women answered only with the choices where they had control of insisting on condom use. Black Women were 23% more likely than Black Men to answer that it was their responsibility to insist on condom use and White Women were 9% more likely than White Men to answer that it was their responsibility. Black Men was the only group to answer that it was their partner’s responsibility to insist on condom use.                   The fourth question that was asked during the survey was, â€Å"if you and a partner you just met are engaging in sexual activity and they do not want to use a condom, what do you do?† The answer choices were â€Å"insist on condom use while still engaging in non-penetrative sexual activities†, â€Å"Start off insisting on condom use but eventually give in to having unprotected sex†, â€Å"Outright refusal to engage in any further sexual activity unless they agree to use a condom† or â€Å"Have sex without a condom, no protest†. Black Women was the only group to refuse sex outright if their partner did not agree to use a condom and in general. Although White Women were most likely to insist on condom use, a large proportion of them also answered that they would refuse outright. Black Women were 40.25% more likely to refuse outright than Black Men and White Women were only 11.5% more likely than White Men to refuse outri ght.                   The fifth question was similar to the fourth question, but unlike in the fourth question, all groups answered that they would engage in unprotected sex. However, the majority of Black Men and Women and White Women still insisted on condom use – 56%, 64% and 63% respectively. White Men were the only group whose majority chose to have unprotected sex at 63%. Black Women and White Women had very similar percentages for insisting on having protected sex. However, Black Women was more likely than White Women to engage in unprotected sex, with no protest ,while White Women was more likely to start off insisting on condom use and eventually give in.                   The sixth question asked about how strongly the respondent felt that they had control and could voice their opinion in a sexual encounter, and a Likert Scale was used (1= Strongly Disagree to 5= Strongly Agree) to gauge the responses. All races felt very strongly that they had control and could voice their opinion in a sexual encounter, but Black Men and Black Women were the only groups to answer with 3, which indicates a neutral feeling. A significantly larger proportion of Black Women than White Women, 11.6% more, answered with the highest choice of 5, which indicates strongly agree. References 1. Jozkowsk, Kristen  N., and Sonya  A. Satinsky. â€Å"A Gender Discrepancy Analysis of Heterosexual Sexual Behaviors in Two University Samples.†Ã‚  (2013): Web. This source provided us with a experimental study exploring the sexual activities on a college campus. We may use this source to model out own experiment on a smaller scale, and this experiment similarly allows us to analyze sexual behaviors on other college campuses which may mirror Williams college. 2. Adefuye AS, Abiona TC, Balogun JA, Lukobo Durrell M: †Ã‚  HIV sexual risk behaviors and perception of risk among college students: implications for planning interventions. BMC Public Health  2009,  9:281. This source allows us to again follow a experimental model tracing high risk behaviors on college campuses around the nation. In an ideal world, we will see possible trends that we can use to draw analytic conclusions about gender dynamics. Before we can address race and gender, however, it is important that we understand the types of behaviors we need to watch for within our own studies. Another positive aspect of the source is that it delves into racial dynamics of the HIV infection. 3. Mathes, Eugene W. â€Å"Why is there a Strong Positive Correlation between Perpetration and being a Victim of Sexual Coercion? an Exploratory Study.†Ã‚  Journal of Family Violence  28.8 (2013): 783-96.  ProQuest.  Web. 10 Nov. 2013. When we discuss gender dynamics, it will be important to outline sexual coercion which may expose students to high risk behaviors. 4. Ahmed, Aziza. â€Å"Feminism, Power, and Sex Work in the Context of HIV/AIDS: Consequences for Women’s Health.† Harvard Journal of Law and Gender. 34:1 (2011) This article provides background surrounding the stifled sexuality of women around the globe and how this stifling of sexuality robs women of their presence within the sexual landscape. Without sexual freedom, women are unable to excise their power, thus, they may not have the voice to protect themselves sexually. We aim to observe whether this restriction can be observed on the Williams campus. Source document

Research paper on Worker Attitude and Job Satisfaction

Research paper on Worker Attitude and Job Satisfaction Thesis Statements: Attitude and Job Satisfaction: A worker attitude towards work is directly linked to the job satisfaction; a worker who is satisfied with his job performs better and excels at what he does. It is therefore imperative for a company to understand the attitude of its workers and measure the job satisfaction of its employees, as job satisfaction is essential for productivity. Introduction Worker attitude and job satisfaction deals with how an organization behaves. It involves the management directing employees into improving organizational and personal effectiveness. It plays an enormous role in determining the attitudes of employees and their job satisfaction. When an employee is happy, it is usually because they are satisfied with their work. This also improves the quality of their work. Attitude and job satisfaction may not fall completely on the management but also on the employees. If employees enjoy their work, they will not need external motivation from management, but instead the satisfaction they attain from completing their work will motivate them (Robbins, 2004). Job satisfaction is an individual’s contentment with their work. Its effect on productivity is either positive or negative. The relationship between job satisfaction and job productivity is however not consistent. An individual may still obtain high job productivity without having the satisfaction in the work. This happens mostly when money is their motivation. Another motivator is improving in his or her work in order to receive a promotion. Other employees may increase their productivity due to the satisfaction they get from their work. A reason for job satisfaction may also come from an employee getting a good salary. It improves job satisfaction as long as an employee has knowledge of the fact that they get fair payment for their efforts at the end of the day. Job satisfaction has an effect on an individual’s satisfaction with life. If an employee does not get satisfaction in their work, they may seek for satisfaction in other work unrelated areas. This provides fulfillment and balance in their life. He or she may also be content with work as it relates with those work unrelated areas. Job dissatisfaction may also cause an employee to quit (Robbins, 2004). How Workers Attitude and Job Satisfaction Affect Their Work. An employee’s attitude towards authority may affect his or her relationship with management. Negative attitude towards authority will cause clashes in the work place. Psychology is another reason that affects an individual’s attitude. Another reason for a negative attitude towards authority is jealous for their position. This attitude affects job productivity in a negative way. If the workers attitude is a negative one so is their ability to produce positive results. Worker attitude and job satisfaction are two factors that affect a company’s productivity. There are different issues that affect worker attitude and job satisfaction either in a negative or positive way. These issues include the management, employee, sociology, communication, culture, and work environment. Management Role The management’s style of leading plays a huge role in worker attitude and job production. Empowerment is one factor that can motivate better productivity. If the management gives an employee opportunity to work according to their own standards, preferred that these standards measure up to those of the company, job productivity will increase. Human empowerment is satisfactory to every individual. Self-satisfaction leads to job satisfaction. We also have strategic planning by management. This is crucial when dealing with influencing job productivity. An example of a way to motivate employees is the management offering them opportunities for promotions and pay rise negotiations. This will encourage job productivity since employees will want to receive these rewards (Jackson, 2002). Organizational objectives also affect how the management relates with the employees. If the organizational goal is to achieve a certain percentage of profit in a business year, then it will exert pressure on the employees to increase productivity. Positive influence is not the only way to ensure an increase in productivity. Some organizations offer contracts that clear states the amount of productivity needed from employees. This is in the case of sales and marketing where a sales representative needs to achieve a target on a certain deadline. This may mount pressure on the employees and in turn affect their job satisfaction. In some cases, the management is not as strict with the employees. The problem with this is that the employees might eventually relax on the job. An organization may also decide to add more working days depending on their goals. Complying with such a decision is hard and it may leave the employees bitter and resentful towards management. This attitude will affec t job productivity, as the employees will arrive to work with no motivation. Another factor in work attitude is time away from work. Apart from free time on the weekend, which is compulsory according to work ethics, employees need to take time off from work. This normally is the leave period (Jackson, 2002). Employee Role Some individuals choose professions that they like while others end up in their profession due to pressure. Pressure may come from the need to make money or a parent or guardian deciding on what their kids will do. When one chooses something they love doing or has an interest in, then they are content and happy about what they do. Love for a profession encourages a positive attitude. This is all the motivation employees need when it comes to productivity. A happy employee is a productive employee. When an employee loves what they are doing, they attain job satisfaction. This automatically affects productivity in a positive way. Productivity however suffers with negative employees who only work to make money. Their aim is to increase their productivity in order to get more money but this eventually makes them stressful and bitter. Since they have no interest in the work, satisfaction is hard for them to achieve. This is another form of motivation but is not sufficient. The two major w ays for employees to improve, productivity in their professional areas is the choice of profession. Employees need ways to relieve their stress if they want to improve their work attitude and productivity. Work related stress is common among most employees. This is especially by employees that do not experience any job satisfaction from their work. Stress is something that may lead to more serious illnesses. This lowers productivity from the absence of employees in the work place. Stress is relieved by taking breaks from work, exercising, socializing with friends, and having fun. Psychological development is also another factor that affects attitude. Since psychology is what determines human behavior, it affects how we react and relate with others. Every one of us reacts differently to different situations. An example is when management is brutally honest about an employees work, some may take it is a warning to do better others may take it as criticism and give up. This depends on how an individual makes decisions. External factors such as the family, relationships, financial stat us are a few of other things that also affect the employees’ attitude. A healthy employee is a productive employee and a happy one. Social Role Our social behavior affects our work. This is in regard to introverts and extroverts. An introvert will not easily socialize with people. This affects their performance in a situation that needs teamwork. Teamwork requires all individuals to communicate with each other. If employees cannot work well together, it affects productivity. A company that encourages teamwork experiences higher productivity. Extroverts are aggressive people and some people may try to avoid them. Relationships in the work place affects attitudes and in turn productivity. If employees have a close relationship with each other, employees work well together and their attitudes improve as well. An improvement in attitude improves job productivity and satisfaction. In order to improve this relationship, some organizations encourage team building by dedicating a few days for members to socialize. This is through encouraging games in this sessions or providing projects for them to do. Interaction between employees h elps them know each other better and beyond the work place. It improves their relationship and attitude towards each other (Edwards, 2004). Social role also involves the relationship between employees and management. In most organizations, this relationship is usually strictly professional. The only time the two interact is while it involves work. This is a way for the management to ensure that they have an upper hand towards the employees. This may lead to employees withdrawing from the management due to fear. Fear affects productivity, as the employee cannot approach the management if he/she is having trouble. They may imagine that the management will see this as a weakness. A good relationship is one where the management associates with its employees openly. Respect is the only thing that needs establishment between the two. This way, it is easy for employees to approach the management. A good relationship will improve employee productivity by improving their attitude and encouraging job satisfaction. Another social factor is competition. This is due to human nature to prove themselves. Employees may compete amongst e ach other for appraisal or a chance to grab an available higher position. This is a way for productivity to improve. Their attitude will depend on whether the competition is a healthy or an unhealthy one. An unhealthy one will lead to stress (Edwards, 2004). Communication Communication is how information transmits between the management and employees or between the employees themselves. Employees need to be free with the management in order to approach them when they are having trouble. Good communication has a positive effect on the employee’s job satisfaction. When all their needs a met, they can easily perform their duties efficiently. This increases job productivity and in turn improves the workers attitude. Communication is also important between employees. Employees need to maintain a good relationship with each other in order to communicate efficiently. Respect is an important factor in communication. In every organization, respect needs to drive how they communicate. A good way to implement communication between management and employees is by planning meetings. These meetings should allow employees to ask questions and express their opinion. Management should ask employees for their input and suggestions in matters concerning them. This will make the employees feel even more part of the organization. It will improve the relationship of everyone in the organization. Good communication leads to a good relationship that in turn improves employee attitude and job productivity (Mitchell). Culture The differences in culture affects people’s attitude. Different cultures have different practice. Some cultures do not allow their employees to work for certain amounts of hours. This may affect an individual if a transfer occurs and they get to a work situation that encourages more working hours. He/she will develop a negative attitude towards work. In some cultures, individuals are risk takers. They enjoy doing things beyond their capabilities. They attain satisfaction both in life and in work. There is no better motivation to improve their job productivity than this. In others, employees are hardworking. Their attitude towards work is usually a positive one (Jackson, 2002). Work environment A positive work environment improves on employee attitude. This depends on other employees, the management and the available resources. If an organization takes care of their employees by providing all needed resources, then their productivity will improve. Job productivity increases a business performance and profits, which in turn ensures that employees receive their salary frequently. When the business performs well then the employees are happy. A good performance in the organization gives the employees a positive attitude that improves their individual performance. As long as the employees are happy and performing, job productivity will increase. Job satisfaction improves employee’s relationships with customers. A good working relationship such as that one will increase on the sales of goods and services. Some company’s offer their employees bonuses especially during the holidays. This acts as an encouragement to the workers and improves their relationship with mana gement. In departments such as sales and marketing, employee’s performance can improve if given bonuses or commission when they bring in more sales clients. With this knowledge, the employee’s performance is sure to improve drastically (Edwards, 2004). Conclusion The duty of management and the employee in improving workers attitude is debatable. Some may argue that it is up to the employee to ensure that they attain job satisfaction from their work, as they are the only ones in control of their attitude and performance. It is also possible to say that all the responsibility is entirely the managements. They decide on the nature of the environment in which the employee works. The management holds the power to control employee salary, off time and promotion. External factors such as the environment, social situations, and culture also affect worker attitude and job satisfaction. In my opinion, it is up to both the parties to decide on worker attitude and job satisfaction.

Today, Linux is a very versatile Operating System. essays

Today, Linux is a very versatile Operating System. essays Today, Linux is a very versatile Operating System. It allows you to run many applications at the same time, also called "Multi Tasking" and also allows for simultaneous multi-user logins. Linux will also run on a large range of systems, from that old 386 sitting in your basement, to those top of the line dream machines. It also runs on Sun SPARCs, Digital Alphas, Motorola, MIPs, PowerPCs, HP/AP platforms as well as AMD and Cyrix CPUs. Linux is also known for being stable and can run for days, months or even years without needing a reboot. In most cases, if anything does happen to crash, you are able to kill that program and life goes on, instead of having to reboot the entire system. And when comparing Linux to Windows, don't forget that Linux is a better match for "commercial grade" Windows NT or 2000 than it is for "consumer grade" Windows 95, 98, ME or XP when it comes to stability and networking ability except that Linux is generally more stable than Windows, and will run on less expensive or older hardware than current Windows versions. Windows and Mac only have one or two current versions each. Linux is about freedom and choice, so you have plenty of freedom to choose and until you have some experience with Linux, it is almost impossible to decide which of the many Linux distributions best fits your needs. All we can do here is give you a basic list and some information based on Linux.com staff members' own experience with different Linux distributions. Will Linux replace Windows NT as the server OS of choice? "Linux is ready, or at least poised, to take on Windows NT for market dominance of server operating systems", said T. W. Burger Owner, Thomas Wolfgang Burger Consulting June 2000. It is the competitive choice for the user wanting a cheap, versatile, scalable, and reliable server solution. This article examines how Linux is ready to meet or exceed all user requirements that NT pro ...

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The Development of the Professional Engineer Essay

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Good vs evil in Shakespeares Macbeth Essay Example for Free

Good vs evil in Shakespeares Macbeth Essay The play Macbeth is a very tragic one. It is about the downfall of a hero who is led by temptation to mass murder and cruelty. Shakespeare uses various styles and techniques to display very evidently how Macbeths character develops as the story progresses, and thus we see how Macbeth turns from good to evil, from a valiant cousin and worthy gentleman to a bloody butcher. The play tells the story of how a noble warrior, Macbeth, descends into evil after meeting with three witches supernatural beings who prophesy Macbeths destiny. He is told he will become King of Scotland, and this idea of gaining power leads him to murder the king, take his throne and then continue his murder spree on seemingly whoever he feels like. Eventually Macbeth is slain and order is restored in Scotland. From the very start we have progressively come to abhor Macbeth, however, we cannot help but feel a certain admiration for him. But much more we have a sense of irony and waste: irony because some sterling qualities have been put to such evil use, waste because Macbeth was a potentially great man who was lost. . Macbeth is a play concerned wholly with the battle between good and evil throughout the play we continually see signs of a supernatural struggle between the two, with evil winning over good when Macbeth murders the king, but then good finally defeating evil when Macbeth is slain. In fact, in the very opening scene we see signs of supernatural happenings and evil the witches: Fair is foul and foul is fair; Hover through the fog and filthy air Here we see that, to the witches, what is evil is good (foul is fair) and what is good they find repulsive (fair is foul). This seems to be their attitude to life, but it could also be a warning to the audience that things to follow are not what they might seem. The first we hear of Macbeth is with praises to his name. He is called brave Macbeth, valiant cousin and worthy gentleman, fighting a war for God, king and country. For brave Macbeth well he deserves that name Disdaining fortune, with his brandished steel, Which smoked with bloody execution However, it is in scene III that good and evil collide, when Macbeth meets with the witches. Some say that this is the beginning of Macbeths downfall, as in his first soliloquy he has already thought of the idea of murdering his king. This small seed planted in his mind will soon sprout and he will indeed commit treason. Already, the audience loses their adoration for Macbeth as we see his mental frailty and evil intention. The question at hand is what Macbeth should do; is he determined on evil intent or is divine intervention the answer? He contemplates this, and decides that it is not worthwhile to throw everything away for one guilty conscience, instead the solution is murder. We are soon introduced to Lady Macbeth, and it becomes clear that she is the ambition, the driving force, behind her husband. To Lady Macbeth, her husband is brave, loving, ambitious yet he is too noble to fulfil the third prophesy. Lady Macbeth then calls upon evil spirits to make her ruthless so she can kill Duncan. Come you spirits, That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, And fill me from the crown to the top toe-full Of direst cruelty; make thick my blood. After reading the letter, she already has a plan brewing. However, she fears Macbeths nature. yet I do fear thy nature, it is too full othmilk of human kindness, Thou wouldst be great, Art not without ambition, but without the illness should attend it, What thou wouldst highly, that wouldst thou holily; wouldst not play false, And yet wouldst wrongly win. The planning of the murder of Duncan is one of the most important sections of this tragedy. Here we see a conflict in Macbeths character, one side wants him to commit the murder, while the other wants to let fate take its course. In a way it is due to his wife that Macbeth is finally persuaded into committing treason. This shows one of the flaws in his character, which Shakespeare exposes. A while after Macbeth has certain misgivings about the affair. In his mind he argues out the advantages and disadvantages. The good side of him says that hes here in double trust I am his kinsman and subject, as his host who should against his murderers shut the door, not bear the knife myself. The more cunning party says that his virtues will plead like angels trumpet-tongued against the deep-damnation of his taking off, but only vaulting ambition, which oerleaps itself and falls on the other,twere well it were done quickly, but this blow might be and the end all here, bloody instructions, which being taught, return to plague th inventor. Yet he cannot maintain this spark of morality as, under the influence of his wife he commits treachery. After the murder Macbeth experienced remorse, guilt and regret, still revealing his nobility. I am afraid to think what I have done he says. He is troubled by his conscience, he realizes that he is cut off from heaven. He is in fact so hampered in his actions by the conflict between his knowledge that he has committed the crime and his abhorrence of it, that he becomes immobile. Macbeths evil is so great that he cannot even say amen to his prayer ,I could not say amen. By now he realizes he is too deep into his acts of violence to turn back. Macbeth has confused the values of good and evil. That is, he has confused fair and foul, which confusion has all along been the devils aim. Macbeth has completely committed himself to evil. Macbeth still thinks of himself as a man, and as such would rather die than suffer the indignity of being baited with the rabbles curse. This feeling in him reminds us of the worthy Macbeth at the beginning of the play. We also see that he still has the courage to act on his convictions, desperate though that courage may be. For he knows now that he must die. He fights as a man. Macduff and Macbeth fight which signifies the ever on-going battle between good and evil. Eventually Macbeth is slain and the evil has been stopped in Scotland good has triumphed, as Malcom is crowned the new King.